Abstract

Enzyme-based biosensors have emerged as a promising technology for rapid disease diagnosis, offering high sensitivity, specificity, and the potential for point-of-care applications. These biosensors utilize enzymes as bi oreceptors to detect disease-related biomarkers, providing real-time results that are crucial for early disease de tection and personalized treatment. Recent advances in enzyme immobilization techniques, transduction mech anisms, and miniaturization have significantly enhanced the performance of enzyme-based biosensors, enabling their application in diagnosing a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, such as ensuring the long-term stability and reusa bility of enzymes, improving selectivity and sensitivity, and overcoming issues related to fabrication, scalability, and cost. Moreover, regulatory and ethical concerns regarding the use of biosensors in clinical settings remain. Looking forward, the integration of artificial intelligence, wearable biosensor technologies, and innovative en zyme systems promises to further enhance the diagnostic capabilities of enzyme-based biosensors, making them more accessible and effective in clinical diagnostics. This review explores the latest advancements, challenges, and future directions in the development and application of enzyme-based biosensors for rapid disease diagnosis.

DOI: doi.org/10.63721/25JCTC0110

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