Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone and HER2/neu expression. It is especially known for its poor prognosis, particularly when diagnosed late in its course. Despite advances in treatment over the years, Triple negative breast cancer frequently presents with rapid progression and a high propensity for metastasis. While brain metastasis from breast cancer are relatively common, metastasis to the carvenous and sphenoid sinus is ex ceedingly rare. This case also highlights the unique feature of isolated abducent nerve palsy and the rapid pro gressive nature of the disease despite neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy as well as radical mastectomy. The report emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing complex and evolving clinical scenarios in advanced breast cancer.
Case Presentation: We present a unique case of a 45-year-old Nigerian woman with advanced triple-negative invasive Ductal Carcinoma (T4c, N2, Mx), initially presenting as a large, globular mass in the right breast. Despite neo- adjuvant chemotherapy, the disease showed progressive features, leading to a decision for mod ified mastectomy. Subsequent to the mastectomy, the patient experienced an unexpected metastatic spread to the brain, specifically the cavernous sinus, resulting in isolated abducens palsy.
Conclusion: This case outlines the rarity of the metastasis, the progression, the diagnostic challenges and the multidisciplinary approach taken to address the evolving clinical complexities. This case report contributes valuable insights into the rare metastatic patterns of triple negative breast cancer and underscores the critical role of a collaborative treatment strategy.
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