Abstract
Background: The GLOBOCAN (Global Cancer Statistics) report shows that oral cancer is in 11th place in terms of frequency of occurrence and has a worse prognosis compared to other cancers. If the oropharynx area is taken into account, this malignant tumor is in 6th place in terms of frequency of occurrence in the world.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to analyze the current literature on the etiology and risk factors oral cancer.
Methods: A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PMC, ScienceDirect, and Scopus using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: oral cancer, carcinogen esis, etiology and risk factors oral cancer.
Results: 156 articles were found and 88 full-text articles of high methodological quality were selected accord ing to the review method used, the PRISMA. As a result, some studies have shown the role general and local factors are involved in the development and progression of oral cancer. These factors which determine the prevalence and nature of the course of oral cancer.
Conclusions: Research in this field is continuously advancing, leading to ongoing enhancements in diagnostic techniques and treatment methods. Understanding and promptly addressing risk factors can help prevent oral cancer. Controlling risk factors is important in preventing oral cancer. If complete prevention oral cancer isn't possible, managing these factors effectively can minimize the severity of the condition.
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